Postural and visual loads at VDT workplaces I. Constrained postures

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Abstract
In a field study of 162 VDT and 133 control workplaces it was found that constrained postures of VDT workplaces and in full-time typists were sometimes associated with physical impairments in the hands, arms, shoulders and neck. The reported complaints were confirmed by medical findings on muscles, tendons and joints. The incidence of impairments was increased when the distance from the surface of the keyboards to the desk surface was large; the height of the keyboard from the floor was low; there was insufficient space to rest the forearms and hands; the lateral deviation of the hands operating keyboards was great; and there Was a pronounced inclination or turning of the head. Several recommendations for the proper design of VDT workstations are deduced from the present study

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