Two-parameter family of exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing optical-soliton propagation

Abstract
By using a direct method for obtaining exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation that describes the evolution of spatial or temporal optical solitons, a two-parameter family of solutions is given. These exact solutions describe the periodic wave patterns that are generated by the spatial or temporal modulational instability, the periodic evolution of the bright solitons superimposed onto a continuous-wave background, and the breakup of a single pulse into two dark waves which move apart with equal and opposite transverse components of the velocities.