Abstract
Fifty children from culturally and materially disadvantaged home backgrounds and a control group of children from more advantaged backgrounds who had originally been studied at the infant school stage were followed up at the end of their junior school careers. On the three reading tests administered in the follow‐up study the ‘Deprived Group’ children scored significantly lower than their controls and a substantial proportion of them could be regarded as seriously retarded in reading. An analysis of the raw gains made by the children in two reading tests administered at age 7+ and 11+ indicated that the achievement gap in reading between the Control and Deprived Groups, in favour of the former, had widened appreciably during the intervening period. It is argued that results reflect mainly the influence of home background rather than school factors upon the children's reading progress and achievement.

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