Bio-Adhesio-Chemo (BAC) Therapy for Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion

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Abstract
Eighteen patients with serious pleuritis carcinomatosa with remarkable pleural effusion were treated with a new pleurodesic therapy, and all the patients treated obtained favorable results. After removing pleural effusion, fibrinogen solution was intrapleurally instilled and then, our newly devised material, G.T.XIII and an anticancer drug, Adriamycin (ADM), were administered as chemosclerosing agents in an attempt to prevent recurrence of the effusion and also to provide locoregional antineoplastic effects. Recurrence of pleural effusion was nil in all patients treated, and subjective complaints of the patients were remarkably relieved. There were 14 patients evaluable, and all the response of these patients resulted in partial response (PR) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Improvement of performance status (PS) was observed in 61% (11/18). Eight patients could be discharged. Three patients have remained alive. Fifteen patients died after the therapy, and their median survival was 67 days. Eight patients were autopsied. The postmortem examinations confirmed that fibrous adhesion in the pleural cavity with these materials was significant, and evidence of recurrence of pleural fluid was not seen. Topical oncolytic effects of the ADM were histologically remarkable. This pleurodesis was called “Bio-adhesio-chemo (BAC) therapy.”