Control of glycolysis in human erythrocytes by inorganic phosphate and sulfate

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Abstract
Neither inorganic phosphate (Pi) nor sulfate had any effect on the metabolism of endogenous fructose diphosphate in human red cells washed free of glucose. When glucose was present, both ions increased glucose consumption and led to a fall in the glucose 6-phosphate and a rise in the fructose diphosphate concentrations in the cells. Sulfate led to a fall in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and a rise in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as well. Stimulation of the phosphofructokinase reaction by Pi and sulfate (as well as by adenosine monophosphate (AMP), 3'', 5''-AMP, and ADP) was confirmed by assay of this enzyme in the hemolysate. Stimulation of hexokinase was ascribed to the fall in glucose 6-phosphate concentration. In addition, Pi stimulated the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase reaction by acting as a substrate.