Effect of adenosine A2Areceptor activation in murine models of respiratory disorders

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Abstract
Activation of the adenosine A2Areceptor has been postulated as a possible treatment for lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this report, we have studied the anti-inflammatory properties of the reference A2Aagonist CGS-21680, given intranasally at doses of 10 and 100 μg/kg, in a variety of murine models of asthma and COPD. After an acute ovalbumin challenge of sensitized mice, prophylactic administration of CGS-21680 inhibited the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inflammatory cell influx but not the airway hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine. After repeated ovalbumin challenges, CGS-21680 given therapeutically inhibited the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inflammatory cell influx but had no effect on the allergen-induced bronchoconstriction, the airway hyperreactivity, or the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mucin levels. As a comparator, budesonide given intranasally at doses of 0.1–1 mg/kg fully inhibited all the parameters measured in the latter model. In a lipopolysaccharide-driven model, CGS-21680 had no effect on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inflammatory cell influx or TNF-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels, but potently inhibited neutrophil activation, as measured by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid elastase levels. With the use of a cigarette smoke model of lung inflammation, CGS-21680 did not significantly inhibit bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil infiltration but reversed the cigarette smoke-induced decrease in macrophage number. Together, these results suggest that activation of the A2Areceptor would have a beneficial effect by inhibiting inflammatory cell influx and downregulating inflammatory cell activation in asthma and COPD, respectively.