Long-term immune response after liver transplantation in patients with spontaneous or post-treatment HCV-RNA clearance

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Abstract
Recurrent HCV infection after liver transplantation is universal and sustained clearance of HCV-RNA rarely occurs. The aim of this study was to characterize cell-mediated immunity and cytokine production in HCV-infected patients after liver transplant. The study included 6 pretransplantation patients (PT) and 15 liver transplanted patients, including 5 with spontaneous HCV-RNA clearance (SC group), 5 with sustained virological response after antiviral treatment (SVR group), and 5 no response (NR group). The control group included 5 HCV-RNA negative, anti-HCV negative healthy individuals. This study examines proliferative T-cell response and cytokine production (gamma-interferon and IL-10) after HCV specific and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from each group. Multispecific proliferative responses to HCV antigens (mean Stimulation Index; SI) were higher in the SVR group (mean SI 7.4 ± 2) and SC group, as compared with the NR group (P < .05, vs SVR) and PT group (P < .05, vs SVR and SC). After PHA stimulation, gamma-interferon levels were similar to controls (4330 ± 640 pg/ml) in the SC (4474 ± 300 pg/mL) and SVR groups (3647 ± 300 pg/mL), but were significantly lower than controls in the PT (401 ± 331 pg/mL; P < .02) and NR groups (546 ± 360 pg/mL; P < .01). IL-10 production after PHA stimulation was similar in SC, SVR, and controls (647 ± 279 pg/mL, 674 ± 310 pg/mL and 841 ± 294 pg/mL, respectively), but was lower in PT patients (232 ± 94 pg/mL). The NR group showed high basal IL-10 production with little increase after stimulation. In conclusion, liver post-transplantation patients with spontaneous clearance of HCV-RNA and those with sustained viral response after therapy showed an immune response despite immunosuppression that might have contributed to their favorable outcome. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:584-594.)
Funding Information
  • Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS 96/864)