Cleaning Stations as Water Holes, Garbage Dumps, and Sites for the Evolution of Reciprocal Altriusm?

Abstract
An attempt was made to clarify some aspects of the biology of cleaning symbiosis among fishes. Based on available evidence, cleaning symbiosis might have some important effects on general reef ecology. The effects of cleaning and the relationship between symbionts appeared to differ with the ecological and geographical context and with the species of cleaner and host involved. The confusion of proximate and ultimate causes of cleaning and the perpetuation of unsubstantiated hypotheses as fact had not helped the understanding of the relationship. Apparently cleaning symbiosis was not the simple, intuitively pleasing picture of interspecific cooperation painted by earlier hypotheses.

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