Investigation of Solidification for the Immobilization of Trace Organic Contaminants

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of organic contaminant immobilization obtainable using several generic solidification processes (cement, cement/fly ash, cement/activated carbon, cement/bentonite and cement/soluble silicates). This laboratory-scale study was designed to simulate a situation in which a largely inorganic residue containing trace amounts of organic contaminants is solidified. Twenty organic contaminants, representing eight categories of organic priority pollutants, were selected based on a hazard index which considered chronic toxicity, solubility and persistence in groundwater. The batches were spiked with a mixture of the organic contaminants at three concentration levels of each of the contaminants (10, 100 and 1000 μg/g of solidified waste). Mobility of the organic contaminants was assessed by calculating partition coefficients between the solid and the liquid phases from the results of a distilled water extraction. The results were analyzed based on the water solubility and volatility of contaminants, as well as the fixation capacity of the solidification processes.

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