X-ray Investigations of the Surface Layers of the Perovskite-Type Ferroelectric Crystals

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Abstract
The physical nature of surface layers of the BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 ferroelectric perovskite-type crystals has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. It has been found that the surface layers with an extremely high piezoelectric deformation are formed at the positive electrode at room temperature under the influence of the dc electric field, This effect is caused by a nonlinear potential distribution, The thickness and the piezoelectric deformation of the surface layer increase with the external electric field, The time of formation of the negative space charge layer in the anodic region is close to the Maxwell relaxation time. The Schottky-type surface potential barrier, existing in the absence of the external electric field, is formed as a result of capture of the electric charge carriers by the surface states.