Geological Observations on the Northwest Frontiers of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and the adjoining part of the Southern Libyan Desert

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Abstract
In the autumn of 1932 an expedition led by Major R. A. Bagnold, Royal Corps of Signals, traversed about 6000 miles of country between the Nile, the southern boundary of Italian Libya, and the northern and eastern frontiers of French Equatorial Africa (Bagnold, 1933). The geological objects of the expedition were to map the route and to study the wedge of Sudanese territory, lying between the northeastern frontier of French Equatorial Africa and the southern part of Libya, known as the Sarra Triangle, east of which lies the massif of 'Uweinat. The border hills of Erdi and Ennedi, where in Sudanese territory, and the oases of the southern part of the Libyan Desert were also to be studied. Scientific work was practically limited to the line of route, since so long a journey without permanent bases for water, fuel, and supplies must be executed with the utmost dispatch. The zones of operation lie hundreds of miles from the nearest administrative centres, and any severe breakdown must prove serious; moreover, care was necessary in case of encounters with the fugitives from Kufara, captured by the Italians in 1930, and with unadministered people who make raids from the border hills. Much of the country in the vicinity of these hills proved almost impracticable for motor transport. As part of the ground had not previously been visited by Europeans, the following account may serve as a preliminary survey. The expedition owed material support to the Sudan Government, the Royal Geographical Society, and Dr.

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