Virtual DNA analysis as a platform for interlaboratory data exchange of HLA DNA typing results

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Abstract
In 1998, the German DNA Exchange offered the possibility to report typing data as virtual DNA. Participating labs have been equipped with software based on the principle of Virtual DNA Analysis (VDA). This approach allows the combination of sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO), sequence‐specific primer (SSP) and sequence‐based typing (SBT) results. The use of all types of test kits has been allowed without any limitations, as long as basic sequence information on SSOs or SSPs was available, at least the sequence and the position of the detected motif on the sample DNA. Typing raw data of the actual SSO‐SSP and, if performed, SBT information was collected. Participating labs received 20 DNA samples to type. Fourteen labs returned data on 1,250 single‐locus testings. Reported data consisted of 317 SBT data, 452 SSO kits and 1,795 SSP kits with 43,312 single SSO/SSP reactivities. One hundred and twenty‐six different typing kits (unique laboratory‐specific kits, commercial kits from 7 companies) have been used. In 30 (2.4%) single‐locus testings, at least one single SSO/SSP reactivity has been false‐positive or ‐negative, thus not leading to a valid result on primary evaluation. Eight of these 30 cases were due to the presence of a new DRB1*14 allele in sample no. 2. Thirty‐five tests (2.8%) showed wrong allele assignments. This first attempt to collect raw typing data instead of typing interpretation on a larger scale shows the advantages of Virtual DNA Analysis like interlaboratory data exchange without loss of information, transparency of typing interpretation and reinterpretation of typing data with an updated allele database. The VDA format is a useful tool for workshops and bone marrow donor registries.