Shock-induced α–ω transition in titanium

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Abstract
Equilibrium free energies for the α and ω phases of Ti are constructed. The result is a consistent picture of the ambient pressure, static high pressure, and shock data, as well as first-principles electronic structure calculations. The Hugoniot consists of three segments: a metastable α-phase region, a transition region, and an ω-phase branch. All the Hugoniot data are consistent with a transition occurring at ∼12 GPa. An early identification [R. G. McQueen et al., in High Velocity Impact Phenomena, edited by R. Kinslow (Academic, New York, 1970)] of a phase transition at 17.5 GPa appears to have been an artifact. The shock Hugoniot extends further into the metastable region than static data, indicating the existence of a relaxation process occurring on a time scale intermediate between those of the static and dynamic measurements.