Stereopsis and ARC

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Abstract
Abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC) is an adaptive mechanism which occurs in the presence of a manifest deviation. Gross stereopsis is thought to be one of the advantages of ARC. However, this fact has been disputed by several authors. The presence of stereopsis in 91 patients with microtropia or small angle deviations with ARC was determined. The stereotests used were Titmus, TNO and Lang, and ARC was confirmed by Bagolini striated lenses and after-image test. The patients were divided into two groups: infantile and acquired strabismus. In the infantile esotropia group, no random dot stereopsis was present, but 24% had stereopsis with the Titmus test. In the acquired strabismus group, 10 patients had stereopsis with the TNO or Lang stereotest and 31 (79%) with the Titmus stereotest. The difference in stereopsis recorded between all three tests is discussed, taking into account monocular cues and the presence of contours. It is suggested that both types of stereotests, i.e., random dot and non-random dot are done on all patients with small angle strabismus. It is concluded that stereopsis is present with ARC, but random dot stereopsis is only present in the deviations with an age of onset six months after birth.

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