Abstract
Within a relatively short period three infants of unrelated families were admitted to the Children's Clinic of the University of Amsterdam, all of whom presented congenital hypertrophy of the muscles, extra-pyramidal motor disturbances and mental deficiency. The report of a fourth case was found in the literature. After the death of the first child, examination of the brain was possible. REPORT OF CASES Case1.—A boy, born on Aug. 17, 1930, in a village in the province of North Holland, was the eleventh child of healthy parents. There had been three miscarriages between the normal births. Six of the children had died; two of these were stillborn, and one of the latter had a congenital cerebral anomaly (anencephaly?). One child died at the age of 8 months following intussusception of the intestine; one lived for only five days, and one died of convulsions at the age of 6 months. The

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