Abstract
There is little argument that emergency operation for upper gastrointestinal nonvariceal hemorrhage is associated with a higher mortality than the same operation performed electively. Two controlled trials of elective treatment of duodenal ulcer show no operative mortality,1 , 2 whereas the mortality figures from some centers still approach 20 percent for emergency surgery for bleeding ulcer.3 It is therefore important that endoscopically applied techniques have the potential to stop bleeding from the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. At best, the patient may not require subsequent invasive treatment; at worst, an indicated operation can be performed electively if the initial endoscopic approach is . . .