Fluid balance and secretion of antidiuretic hormone following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery

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Abstract
✓ Hyponatremia developing some days after transsphenoidal pituitary adenectomy is a treacherous complication of uncertain cause. Of 19 patients monitored in a pilot study at the Wessex Neurological Centre, plasma sodium fell below 125 mmol/liter in three patients at times ranging from 6 to 9 days postoperatively. One patient had evidence of inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP), and the other two probably had steroid insufficiency despite apparently adequate steroid cover. In a more detailed study, the fluid and sodium balance of a further 16 patients was monitored for 7 to 11 days following transsphenoidal surgery together with plasma cortisol, renin, and AVP concentrations. No patient became severely hyponatremic. Three developed partial diabetes insipidus. Two patients with Cushing's disease had evidence of postoperative corticosteroid insufficiency despite normal steroid protection. An inappropriately low plasma cortisol concentration was recorded in both. Plasma AVP concentrations did not show a delayed surge postoperatively. Delayed hyponatremia appears to occur most often in patients with hypoadrenalism, as glucocorticoid cover is decreased. It results from water retention combined with natriuresis, and is reversed by glucocorticoid treatment.