Aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcomas

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Abstract
Background. To evaluate the efficacy of aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy for treating soft tissue sarcomas, the clinical data on the surgical management of 23 patients with extensive pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcomas were reviewed. Methods. Between January 1973 and April 1991, 9 male patients and 14 female patients were treated. Their ages ranged from 13–68 years (median, 42 years). Twenty‐one patients (91%) had bilateral and multiple metastases, and two patients had solitary metastasis. The number of resected metastatic nodules ranged from 1–110 (mean, 30.5). As an initial surgical approach, median sternotomy was used on 18 patients and lateral thoracotomy on 5 patients. Eleven patients underwent two or more explorations for recurrent metastases using lateral thoracotomy. The neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was adopted in 10 patients since 1986. Results. The actuarial 2‐year and 5‐year survival rates after the first pulmonary resection were 49.7% and 24.8%, respectively. Histologic type (alveolar soft part sarcoma versus synovial sarcoma, P < 0.025), histologic grade (G1 and G2 versus G3, P < 0.01), and metastatic localization (subpleural versus extrapleural, P < 0.005) were the most significant prognostic factors for aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy of soft tissue sarcomas. Application of laser surgery, absence of local recurrences, and absence of extrapulmonary metastases before pulmonary resection also correlated with better prognosis with borderline significance. Conclusions. Aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcomas is a recommended procedure, even in the case of extensive metastases. The combination of median sternotomy and Nd:YAG laser‐assisted surgery is a useful technique, especially in bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases.