SUBSTITUTION OF RETINAL BY ANALOGUES IN RETINAL PIGMENTS OFHALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM.CONTRIBUTION OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN AND HALORHODOPSIN TO PHOTOSENSORY ACTIVITY

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Abstract
Abstract—InHalobacrerium hnlobium.retinal is the chromophore of the light‐energy converting pigments bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and halorhodopsin (HR) and of the sensory photosystems. PS 370 and PS 565. In both photosystems as well as in BR and HR. retinal was substituted by retinal analogues.Retinal2(3,4‐dehydro‐retinal).shifts the main sensitivity maximum of PS 370 and of PS 565 by about 1.5 nm to longer wavelengths. The absorption maxima of BR and HR are both shifted in the same direction, but by 37 nm.13‐Ethylretinaland13‐propylretirnalshift the main sensitivity maximum of each sensory photosystem to shorter wavclengths; the absorption maxima of BR and HR are shifted in the same direction but to a smaller extent. Both sensory photosystems are equally active with retinal and with each of the three analogues as the chromophore. After substitution of retinal by the analogues, the action spectra of PS 565 of the BR‐containing strain R1L3show a secondary bensitivity peak in addition to the main peak. This secondary peak matches the absorption maximum of the corresponding BR. In the action spectra of the BR‐deficient strainET–15 this secondary peak is missing. Action spectra of PS 565 of the BR‐deficient strainL–33, which synthesizes increased amounts of HR. with all retinals show a secondary peak which matches the absorption maximum of the corresponding HR.The results show that the analogues can substitute retinal in both sensory pigments as well as in BR and HR. Moreover, the data support the previous assumption that both BRand HR, although not required for photosensory activity can contribute to photosensing through PS 565.