The medically important dematiaceous fungi and their identification
- 1 January 1991
- Vol. 34 (1-2) , 1-18
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1991.tb00613.x
Abstract
Summary.Dematiaceous fungi include a large group of organisms that are darkly pigmented (dark brown, olivaceous, or black). In most cases the pigment is melanin, and specifically, dihydroxyna‐phthalene melanin. The diseases produced include chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis is a new classification for a diverse group of previously known entities grouped together on the basis of finding dematiaceous hyphal and/or yeast‐like forms in tissue; tissue involvement may be superficial, cutaneous and corneal, subcutaneous, or systemic. Identification of these fungi is based mostly upon morphology. Important structures include annellides (Phaeoannellomyces, Exophiala), phialides (Phialophora, Wangiella), adelophialides (Phialemoniumwithout collarettes,Lecythophorawith collarettes), differentiation of conidiophores (XylohyphaversusCladosporium) and conidial hilum, septation and germination (Bipolaris, Drechslera, Exserohilum). Useful laboratory tests include the 12% gelatin test (controversial), nitrate assimilation (W. dermatiti‐disis negative, most other species are positive), and determination of temperature maxima (especially 37 °C forE. jeanselmei, 40 °C forW. dermatitidisandB. spicifera, 42 °C forX. bantiana, and 45 °C forDactylaria constrictavar.gallopavaandSce‐dosporium inflatum).Zusammenfassung.Die Schwärzepilze (Dema‐tiaceae) stellen eine umfangreiche Gruppe von Organismen dar, die dunkel pigmentiert sind (dunkelbraun, olivfarben oder schwarz). In den meisten Fällen handelt es sich beim Pigment um Melanin, insbesondere um Dihydroxynaphthalenmelanin. Die Krankheiten, die diese Pilze verursachen, umfassen Chromoblastomykose, Eumyzetom und Phaeohyphomykose. Phaeohyphomykose ist eine neue Klassifikation für eine unterschiedliche Gruppe bereits früher bekannter Entitäten, bei denen Schwärzefadenpilze und/oder ‐hefepilze im Gewebe nachweisbar sind; der Gewebsbefall kann oberflächlich kutan und korneal, subkutan oder systemisch sein. Die Identifizierung dieser Pilze stützt sich vornehmlich auf ihre Morphologie. Wichtige Strukturen umfassen Anneliden (Phaeoannelomyces, Exophiala), Phialiden (Phialophora, Wangiella), Ade‐lophialiden (Phialemoniummit Kollaretten,Lecythophoramit Kollaretten), bedeutsam ist ferner die Differenzierung von Konidiophoren (XylohyphaversusCladosporium) und konidialen Hila, die Sep‐tierung und Auskeimung (Bipolaris, Drechslera, Exserohilum). Wichtige Labortests sind der 12%‐Ge‐latine‐Test (umstritten), die Nitratassimilation (W. dermatitidisist negativ, die meisten anderen Arten sind positiv) und die Bestimmung der Temperatur‐maxima (insbesondere 37 °C fürE. jeanselmei, 40 °C fürW. dermatitidisundB. spicifera, 42 °C fürX. bantianaand 45 °C fürDactylaria constrictavar.gallopavaundScedesporium inflatum).Keywords
This publication has 103 references indexed in Scilit:
- Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by a rare fungal pathogen, Hormonema dematioides: Successful treatment with ketoconazoleJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1990
- Exophiala psychrophila sp. nov., a pathogenic species of the black yeasts isolated from farmed Atlantic salmonMycological Research, 1989
- Comparative Histopathology of Dactylaria constricta, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Wangiella dermatitidis, and Xylohypha bantiana in Experimental Phaeohyphomycosis of the Central Nervous System.Mycoses, 1987
- A Case of Chromoblastomycosis: With Special Reference to the Mycology of the Isolated Exophiala jeanselmeiMycoses, 1986
- Use of carbohydrate and nitrate assimilations in the identification of dematiaceous fungiDiagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 1986
- Die Kutane Alternariose - Fallberichte und Literaturübersicht: The Cutaneous Alternariosis Case Reports and Synopsis of LiteratureMycoses, 1985
- Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis: New concepts, diagnosis, and mycologyJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1983
- Dematiaceous fungal pathogens isolated from natureMycopathologia, 1980
- Pulmonary and cerebral mycetoma caused by Curvularia pallescensThe Journal of Pediatrics, 1977
- New South African soil fungiTransactions of the British Mycological Society, 1969