Modification of polyetherurethane for biomedical application by radiation‐induced grafting. I. Grafting procedure, determination of mechanical properties, and chemical modification of grafted films

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Abstract
Radiation grafting of monomers onto suitable trunk polymers is a useful tool for tailoring new polymers for special purposes. This technique has been used in the past for the development of biocompatible materials, e.g., by grafting hydrogels onto mechanically stable polymers. In this first part of our work, the radiation grafting of hydrophilic or reactive monomers onto a polyetherurethane film using the preswelling technique is described. Following this technique the trunk polymer was swollen in the monomer before irradiation. As monomers 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2,3‐epoxypropyl methacrylate (GMA), 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl methacrylate (GOMA), and acrylamide (AAm) were used. The kinetics of the grafting reactions were examined, and the distribution of the graft component inside the trunk polymer was investigated by means of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Surface‐grafted as well as bulk‐ and surface‐grafted products could be obtained. The mechanical behavior of the grafted films—especially in the water‐swollen state—was examined and compared with that of the pure trunk polymer. In nearly all cases it was found that the tensile strength σB and the elongation at break εR decreases as the grafting yield increases. Modification of GMA‐ and AAm‐grafted films via chemical reactions was performed to create new functional groups of biomedical interest. In this manner a diol structure, a carboxylic acid structure, and a sulfonic acid group could be introduced in the grafted polymer. The water uptake of such modified films is increased markedly when compared with that of the unmodified samples.

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