Early Devonia benthic communities of the Alexander Terrane, southeastern Alaska

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Abstract
Emsian (upper Lower Devonian) limestones exposed on Kasaan, Round, and Wadleigh Islands in southeastern Alaksa are part of an allochthonous suite of island are deposits preserved within the accretionary Alexander Terrane. Ten benthic marine communities, including several new brachiopod associations, are defined on the basis of field data correlated with a cluster analysis. Biologic and sedimentologic evidence is integrated with community group assignments in order to substantiate the paleoecology and evolutionary history of each community. These faunas were adapted to a spectrum of quiet and rough water habitats, including restricted, shallow subtidal areas nearshore, offshore biostromal banks, and open and restricted portions of a lagoon or shelf. Comparisons with coeval assemblages from the Cordillera and elsewhere reveal that these communities are unique to southeastern Alaska. Their origin within an early Paleozoic island arc appears to have led to biogeographic isolation from other parts of the Cordillera and the development of a distinct biota at a site offshore from the ancient continental margin.