Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Bladder Carcinoma in situ and Its Preneoplastic Lesions

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Abstract
We performed a morphometric and immunohistochemical study of 26 bladder carcinoma in situ (Cis) specimens, compared with normal urothelium and urothelial preneoplastic lesions. The following morphometric parameters were evaluated: nuclear area, nuclear perimeter and maximum nuclear diameter. For the immunohistochemical study we used five lectins, antibodies against four epithelial differentiation antigens, and antibodies against blood group isoantigens. A progressive increase in nuclear size from normal urothelium to dysplastic urothelium and Cis was detected. Nuclear size values in Cis and in high-grade, high-stage bladder carcinomas were similar. The most relevant immunohistochemical results were obtained with CEA, CK, UEA-1 and ABH isoantigens, which show significant immunoreactivity changes in preneoplastic urothelium and Cis when compared with normal urothelium. We conclude that bladder Cis behaves morphometrically and immunohis- tochemically as an invasive bladder carcinoma, and we emphasize the usefulness of these techniques for detecting flat dysplastic and neoplastic lesions in random bladder biopsies.

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