Preparative Separation and Purification of Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin, and Quercetin by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

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Abstract
High-speed countercurrent chromatography was used for the preparative separation and purification of kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and quercetin from leaf extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. and the commercial quercetin standard with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-methanol-water (4:3:2, v/v/v). HPLC analyses of the CCC fractions revealed that all three main flavone aglycones were over 99% pure. Their chemcal structures were identified by mass spectrometric analysis