Lipids of the developing human retina. I. Total fatty acids, plasmalogens, and fatty acid composition of ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides

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Abstract
The total fatty acid composition of the human retina was studied during early normal development and compared to that found in infancy and in adulthood. The retina of an infant undernourished prenatally and of two malnourished postnatally were also studied and compared to the normal values for the age. The fatty acid patterns of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG) and choline phosphoglycerides (CPG) were also studied. Total and ethanolamine plasmalogens (EP) were estimated by the aldehyde dimethyl acetal (DMA) content of total lipids and of EPG, respectively. After acid methanolysis, analyses of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and of DMA were effected by capillary GLC on a single 30 m long, SP-2330, capillary column. The main developmental fatty acid changes were an increase in 22:6ω3, 22:5ω3 and 20:3ω6 and a decrease in 20:4ω6. The 22:6ω3/20:4ω6 ratio increased in a very significant, parabolical way throughout development. In contrast to the brain, the proportion of ethanolamine plasmalogens decreased with maturation, whereas the ratio 18DMA/16DMA increased. The two postnatally malnourished infants had a very significant increase in retinal 22:5ω6, but only the child that had been fed on a very unbalanced ω3/ω6 diet since 25 weeks of gestation showed an important decrease in retinal 22:6ω3.