Characteristics of Lift Forces on a Circular Pile in Waves

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Abstract
Hydraulic characteristics of lift forces on a circular pile due to regular waves are investigated experimentally. Firstly, flow patterns around the circular pile in waves are classified into six types by Keulegan-Carpenter number UmT/D (Um: maximum horizontal water particle velocity by wave motion, T: wave period, and D: diameter of circular pile). Secondly, the generation of lift forces is discussed. It is found that this is based on the unsymmetry of vortices, and that the characteristics of lift forces, namely, the frequency and the magnitude, are influenced by the vortex patterns, and that the maximum magnitude of lift forces is comparable to that of in-line forces in some K-C number ranges. Furthermore, the lift coefficients are calculated from the experimental results, and an empirical formula for estimation of the lift coefficients is proposed under some theoretical considerations. Finally, it is concluded that the total wave force for the design of ocean structures has to be considered in terms of the vectorial sum of the in-line forces and the lift forces.

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