Localization of VIP-immunoreactive nerves in airways and pulmonary vessels of dogs, cats, and human subjects

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Abstract
VIP-containing neurons were localized in lungs from dogs, cats, and human subjects by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Nerve fibers and terminals were observed in the smooth muscle layer and glands of airways, and within the walls of pulmonary and bronchial vessels, especially at the medial-adventitial junction. VIP-positive nerve cell bodies were identified in ganglia located in the walls of bronchi. These findings provide an anatomic basis for the possible modulation of airway and pulmonary vascular function by this neuropeptide.