Compression of Porous Copper by Shock Waves

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Abstract
Hugoniot data for porous copper of two initial densities, 6.052 and 7.406 g/cm3, are presented for compressive stresses ranging from 2 kbar to 1 Mbar. These densities respectively correspond to 67.8% and 82.9% of the density of solid copper. High explosives were used to generate the shock waves in the highstress region, and an air gun was used in the low‐stress region. The profiles of the propagated distrubances in each porous copper at low stresses are characterized by three distinct waves. The first of these waves is a low‐level wave (3 copper and ∼1.3 kbar in the 7.406 g/cm3 copper, travels at about one‐half of the sonic velocity. The velocity and amplitude of the third wave increase with increasing input stress. The experimental Hugoniot data are compared with curves calculated from Hugoniot data for solid copper using the Mie‐Grüneisen equation of state with the assumption that compaction of the porous copper is complete. At low stresses, the data approach the calculated curves asymptotically with increasing stress and indicate that compaction is essentially complete for stresses greater than about 21 kbar. At higher stress the experimental data agree very well with the calculated curves.

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