COCCINELLIDS (COLEOPTERA) AND APHIDS (HOMOPTERA): THE OVERALL RELATIONSHIP

Abstract
Frazer and Gilbert (1976) described the predation of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), by adult coccinellids. They developed a formula to predict the predation rate as a function of temperature, predator density, and prey age-distribution and density. Gutierrez et al. (1979) extended the formula to describe several predators sharing the same prey. The following papers develop the study to cover the complete predator-prey relationship, including the dynamics of both predators and prey.