Immunosorbent electron microscopy of dianthoviruses and their pseudorecombinants

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Abstract
To elucidiate serological relationships between members of the dianthovirus group, a Swedish isolate (RCNMV-SW) and an English isolate (RCNMV-E) of red clover necrotic mosaic virus, sweet clover necrotic mosaic virus (SCNMV) and carnation ringspot virus (CRSV) and some of their pseudorecombinants were examined by immunosorbent electron microscopy. All the viruses tested reacted with their homologous antisera up to a titer of 1/4096. In the heterologous reaction between SCNMV antiserum and RCNMV-SW antigen, the antiserum titer was 1/128, suggesting only a distant serological relationship between them. The titer of RCNMV-SW antiserum in the reciprocal test with these 2 viruses was 1/8. A serological cross reaction between CRSV antigen and SCNMV or RCNMV-SW antiserum or between CRSV antiserum and SCNMV antigen was not detected. A series of tests of pseudorecombinants of RNA-1 and RNA-2 from SCNMV and RCNMV-SW confirmed that RNA-1 determines the serological specificity of the progeny viruses.