The effect of harmonics on the capillary instability of liquid jets

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Abstract
The instability of a inviscid liquid jet was investigated in both the linear and nonlinear regime. Sound vibrations were used to break up the jet of water into a row of spheres. At small amplitudes, the growth of variations in the jet radius agreed with the calculations of Lord Rayleigh. The distribution of droplets was related to the Fourier coefficients of the periodic vibration. Harmonics and the fundamental component of the vibration grow at different rates which determine the shape of the unstable jet. The analysis of Lord Rayleigh was extended into the nonlinear regime to second order to predict the coupling between the fundamental mode and the second‐harmonic mode.

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