Reduction in Visceral Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Improvement in Apolipoprotein B-100 Metabolism in Obese Men

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Abstract
We investigated the effect of reduction in visceral obesity on the kinetics of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) metabolism in a controlled dietary intervention study in 26 obese men. Hepatic secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoB was measured using a primed, constant, infusion of 1-(13C)leucine. In seven men receiving the re- duction diet, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) apoB kinetics were also determined. ApoB isotopic enrichment was measured using gas chromatography-mass spec- trometry, and SAAM-II was used to estimate the fractional turnover rates. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues at the L3 vertebra were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. With weight reduc- tion there was a significant decrease (P , 0.05) in body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue. The plasma con- centrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and lathosterol also significantly decreased (P , 0.05). Compared with weight main- tenance, weight reduction significantly decreased the VLDL apoB concentration, pool size, and hepatic secretion of VLDL apoB (D12.5 6 4.6 vs. D214.7 6 4.0 mg/kg fat free masszday; P 5 0.010), but did not significantly alter its fractional catabolism. Weight re- duction was also associated with an increased fractional catabolic rate of LDL apoB (0.24 6 0.07 vs. 0.54 6 0.10 pools/day; P 5 0.002) and conversion of VLDL to LDL apoB (11.7 6 2.5% vs. 56.3 6 11.4%; P 5 0.008). A change in hepatic VLDL apoB secretion was significantly correlated with a change in visceral adipose tissue area (r 5 0.59; P 5 0.043), but not plasma concentrations of insulin, free fatty acids, or lathosterol. The data support the hypothesis that a reduction in vis- ceral adipose tissue is associated with a decrease in the hepatic se- cretion of VLDL apoB, and this may be due to a decrease in portal lipid substrate supply. Weight reduction may also increase the fractional catabolism of LDL apoB, but this requires further evaluation. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 2854 -2861, 1999)

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