Synthesis of Potent Agonists of the d-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Based on Clustered Disaccharide Polyphosphate Analogues of Adenophostin A

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Abstract
Clustered disaccharide analogues of adenophostin A (2), i.e. mono-, di-, and tetravalent derivatives 6−8, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated as novel ligands for the tetrameric d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). The synthesis was accomplished via Sonogashira coupling of propargyl 2-O-acetyl-5-O-benzyl-3-O-(3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-benzyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-ribofuranoside (16) with iodobenzene 18, 22, or 25, followed by deacetylation, phosphorylation, and deprotection. The abilities of the target compounds 6 − 8, as well as ribophostin 4, propylphostin 5, and IP3 (1), to evoke Ca2+ release from permeabilized hepatocytes or displacement of [3H]IP3 from its receptor in hepatic membranes were compared. Although the binding affinities of 4 − 8 were similar, there were modest though significant differences in their potencies in Ca2+ release assays: tetraphostin 8 > IP3 ∼ diphostin 7 > phenylphostin 6 > ribophostin 4 ∼ propylphostin 5.