Neutron activation analysis of bulk and selected trace elements in bones using a low flux SLOWPOKE reactor

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Abstract
The mineral phase of bone is a reservoir for some biologically important ions and is the place where some toxic elements are also stored. For these reasons it is important to measure accurately and nondestructively the chemical content of bone, with respect to its main elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na) and its trace elements. We have analyzed different types of human bone by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), using a SLOWPOKE reactor. We have compared our results with inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICPES), and we have determined the limits of detection and sensitivity for the various elements, especially some biologically or toxicologically significant trace elements. Finally, we have given two examples of the use of INAA in following the penetration of an element (F) with time into bone and in characterizing nondestructively the mineral content of bone biopsies of a rare pathological condition (osteopetrosis).