A correlative histofluorescence and light microscopic study of the formation of the sympathetic trunks in chick embryos

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Abstract
The appearance and development of the primary and secondary sympathetic trunks in staged chick embryos was studied using the Falck‐Owman histochemical method for the demonstration of primary monoamines. The earliest appearance of catecholamine (stage 20) was in individual fluorescent cells located in the region of the dorsal root ganglia about two stages prior to the formation of primary trunk aggregates. These cells are believed to be sympathetic precursor cells and correspond to formaldehyde‐induced fluorescent cells observed in recent explantation experiments. Aggregates of fluorescent cells had formed bilaterally dorsolateral to the aorta at stage 22. These aggregates became continuous to form primary trunks by stage 24. The secondary sympathetic trunks were first seen in stage 25 and appeared to form at least partially by dorsal migration of cells from the primary trunks. Fluorescent cell processes were first observed at this stage. Secondary trunk formation was essentially complete by stage 28, and the primary trunks had become small and discontinuous. Definite rami communicantes could be observed by the early part of stage 28 in silver preparations. The significance of the development of two successive trunks in avians is discussed.