Polarization of photoelectrons from ferromagnetic metals

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Abstract
A theoretical discussion is given of effects causing positive spin polarization of photoemission from Ni and Co, as observed by Busch, Siegmann and their collaborators. We suggest that photoemission is an effect which measures the one-particle density of ‘bare’ electrons in the d band, not quasi-particles, and as a result large many-body ‘shake-off’ effects are possible. The most important is probably shake-off of a spin-wave, which is only possible for up-spin electrons. If this effect is large it modifies the theory of ferromagnetism in these metals appreciably.