Organization of thalamic afferents to anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in turtles. I. Projections of thalamic nuclei

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Abstract
Dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) is a thalamorecipient, subcortical telencephalic structure in reptiles and birds. Although there is a fair amount of information about sources of afferents to DVR, little is known about the relationship of projections from individual thalamic nuclei to the organization of the structure. This study examines the relationship between thalamic projections and both areal and zonal divisions of anterior DVR (ADVR; Balaban,'78a) of emydid turtles with orthograde degeneration, and horseradish peroxidase techniques.Individual thalamic nuclei contribute either a diffuse or a restricted projection to ADVR. Diffuse projections arise primarily from the dorsomedial anterior nucleus. These fine‐caliber axons distribute bilaterally over a wide region of the telencephalon via both medial and lateral thalamotelencephalic pathways. The terminal regions include septum, striatum and the medial bank of cortex caudal to the lamina terminalis. In ADVR, the fibers are distributed sparsely in zones 2–4 of dorsal, medial and ventral areas. Restricted projections to ADVR originate in nucleus rotundus, nucleus reuniens and nucleus caudalis. They ascend ipsilaterally in the lateral thalamotelencephalic pathway (lateral forebrain bundle), and enter ADVR rostral to the anterior commissure. Nucleus rotundus projects to zone 4 of dorsal area, nucleus caudalis projects to zones 2–4 of the dorsal division of medial area, and nucleus reuniens projects to zones 2–4 of both the ventral division of medial area and the ventral area.Comparison of these results with thalamotelencephalic projections in mammals suggests that diffuse and restricted thalamic projection systems are a common feature of both groups. Restricted thalamic projections in reptiles, birds and mammals, terminating in anatomically distinct regions, also appear to be associated with different sensory modalities. The significance of diffuse systems is not clear.