Imazapyr Applied Postemergence in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) for Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) Control

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Abstract
Field studies were conducted from 1991 through 1994 in several locations of Southern Spain to determine the efficacy of imazapyr as late postemergence application in sunflower for broomrape control and the crop response to this herbicide under weed-free conditions. Single applications of imazapyr at 10 to 15 g/ha on sunflower plants at about theV12(12 leaves) toV19(19 leaves) growth stages, infected with broomrape plants at the predominant growth stages “c” (small nodule with shoot bud visible) and “d” (shoot bud and roots well developed), resulted in effective control without damaging the crop. Double applications of imazapyr at 10 + 10 g/ha at about the same crop growth stages V12 to V19, at a time interval of 12 to 14 d between single applications, were also efficacious and well tolerated by the crop. The same herbicide treatments applied to weed-free sunflower did not adversely affect the biomass, head diameter or yield of the crop as compared with the nontreated check. As a result of the low rate of imazapyr required for broomrape control, the herbicide treatments are economical (about $3 to $6/ha), non-residual and not affected by the type of soil texture and rainfall conditions.