Energy, Water, and Environment in Turkey

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Abstract
This article gives an overview of energy, water, and environment in Turkey. Important developments have been recorded in primary energy and electricity consumption during the last 40 years. In this period, primary energy consumption has increased by an average of 5·3% and electricity consumption by 10% annually. Despite high growth rates, primary energy and electricity consumption are quite below the levels of developed countries. On the other hand, industrialization brought a major pollution problem to Turkey. The government's energy policies should thus be directed toward clean energy sources (hydropower, solar, nuclear, biogas, etc.) as much as possible.