Ca2+ dependency of the release of nitric oxide from non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic nerves

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Abstract
1 The role of Ca2+ in nitrergic neurotransmission was studied in the canine ileocolonic junction. 2 The specific N-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel blocker ω-conotoxin GVIA (CTX, 10–100 nm) significantly reduced the electrically-evoked (2–16 Hz, 1–2 ms pulse width) non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxations, preferentially affecting those to low frequency stimulation, in circular muscle strips of the ileocolonic junction. In contrast, the nerve-mediated NANC-relaxations in response to acetylcholine (30 μm), γ-aminobutyric acid (100 μm) and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (100 μm), as well as the relaxations to nitric oxide (NO) (3–10 μm) and nitroglycerin (1 μm), remained unaffected. 3 A NO-related substance (NO-R), released from the ileocolonic junction in response to NANC nerve stimulation (4 and 16 Hz, 2 ms pulse width), was assayed with a superfusion bioassay cascade. CTX (50 nm) reduced the release of NO-R induced by electrical impulses (4 Hz: from 18 ± 4% to 6 ± 4%; 16 Hz: from 33 ± 2% to 14 ± 4%, n = 5), but not that in response to the nicotinic receptor agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP, 0.3 mm). In Ca2+-free medium, the release of NO-R evoked by electrical impulses or DMPP was inhibited. The L-type Ca2+ channel blockers verapamil (1–3 μm) and nifedipine (1 μm) had no effect. 4 From these results we conclude that the release of NO-R in response to NANC nerve stimulation is Ca2+-dependent. The electrically-evoked release of NO-R results from Ca2+ entry through CTX-sensitive N-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, whereas that induced by nicotinic receptor activation involves CTX-insensitive Ca2+ channels, different from the L- or N-type.