Design of Intelligent Optical Sensors with Organized Bacteriorhodopsin Films

Abstract
Oriented purple membrane (PM) films comprised of the photosensitive retinal protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR) was immobilized in an electrochemical photocell by means of bioaffinity bonding with bispecific (BS) anitibodies that recognize bR. Charge displacement photocurrent of significant efficiency was obtained from the homogeneously oriented PM film. Based on this technology, methods are described for the design of intelligent optoelectronic devices, which include image sensors for motion sensing, photoreceptor tips for visual prosthesis of human eyes, and environmental sensors for use in direction sensing and speed sensing.