The Minimization of Variability in Experiments On Apples Planted On The Site of A Previous Orchard

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Abstract
The effects of deep (18 in.) or shallow (9 in.) ploughing immediately after grubbing, and of rich or poor manuring during the ensuing period of arable cropping, on the variability, and thus suitability for experimentation, of apple trees planted on the site of a former orchard and following both three and seven years of arable cropping, are examined. Evidence is found for the existence of patterns of variability related to both the rows and alleys of the original orchard and to distance from the actual site of a former tree. The pattern of rows and alleys is apparent only after the shorter period of arable cropping. Overall variability is found to be minimized, whatever the period of arable cropping, by the combination of both deep ploughing and rich manuring. Of these two treatments it is the ploughing which is the more effective following the shorter period of arable cropping, and the rich manuring which is the more effective after the longer period.

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