Nonaxisymmetric wave propagation in pulsed power machines

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Abstract
We analyze, in the absence of space charge, nonaxisymmetric wave propagation in pulsed power machines in the long wavelength limit (λ≫anode-cathode gap dimensions). The conditions for generalized TEM waves are derived for both straight (coaxial) and convergent (double-disk) transmission lines. We examine the asymmetries resulting from the lack of switch synchronization as it affects the wave propagation and power delivery to a small radius symmetric imploding load. We apply the long wavelength equations to the output water line and vacuum feed sections of a machine resembling BLACKJACK V and calculate the reduction in power delivered to the load as a function of the degree of synchronization. An important, but simple, consequence of the theory is that for a small symmetric load the angular average of the voltage at the switches is approximately the effective driver of the power reaching the load.

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