Atomic imaging by x-ray-fluorescence holography and electron-emission holography: A comparative theoretical study

Abstract
We consider from a theoretical viewpoint the direct imaging of atoms at and near the surfaces of solids by both x-ray-fluorescence holography (XFH) and electron-emission holography (EEH). The more ideal nature of x-ray scattering makes XFH images superior to those in single-energy EEH. The overlap of real and twin features for pairs of atoms at ±a can cause their XFH or EEH atomic images to cancel for certain combinations of wave vector and ‖a‖. The relative merits of XFH and EEH for structure studies are considered.