Vascular calcification and osteoporosis: inflammatory responses to oxidized lipids

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Abstract
In the early 1900s, cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis was considered a passive, degenerative, inevitable and end-stage process of ageing. After decades of research, it is now recognized as an active, regulated, treatable and preventable disorder related to deposition and oxidation of lipoprotein components. Similarly, in the past few decades, vascular calcification also has been considered a passive, degenerative, inevitable, and end-stage process of ageing. But, after recent clinical and laboratory findings, there is increasing recognition that vascular calcification is an active, regulated process related to oxidized lipids that may be treatable and preventable.