On the viscosities and compressibilities of liquids at high pressures

Abstract
The research here described was undertaken for the Committee on Lubricants and Lubrication of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, for the purpose of the analysis of the results of a previous investigation into the efficiency of power transmission through a worm gear when different kinds of oil, animal, vegetable, and mineral, were used as the lubricant. Since pressures of the order of 5 tons per square inch between the lubricated surfaces of worm gears are not uncommon, a knowledge of the rates of variation of the viscosities of the oils up to these pressures was essential, and as this information was not obtainable, the experiments necessary for the determinations were put in hand at the request of the Committee. On looking into the question of suitable experimental methods, a direct measure of the changes of viscosity of the oils under pressure did not seem promising, and, therefore, the work was divided into two stages. In the first place, experiments were undertaken in which the values of the kinematical viscosity ( η / ρ ) was determined, and after this investigation was completed, apparatus was devised for the study of the changes of density with pressure.

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