Toxicity of Phosmet, Azinphosmethyl, and Permethrin to the Oriental Fruit Moth and Its Parasite, Macrocentrus ancylivorus

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Abstract
Permethrin was more toxic than azinphosmethyl to 1st-instar Oriental fruit moth Grapholitha molesta (Busck) larvae treated in the laboratory. Azinphosmethyl was more toxic than phosmet or permethrin to the parasite Macrocentrus ancylivorus (Rohwer). Oriental fruit moth adults caged on peach foliage sprayed with azinphosmethyl, phosmet or permethrin were killed only on the day of application. First-instar Oriental fruit moth larvae were susceptible to residues for 14 days after spraying. M. ancylivorus caged on azinphosmethyl or phosmet sprayed foliage were killed for 5–7 days and 1–3 days by permethrin residues. In the field, each insecticide provided control of Oriental fruit moth. Populations of M. ancylivorus established under spray programs with each of the 3 insecticides.