Immobilized enzyme cellulose hollow fibers: III. Physical properties and in vitro biocompatibility

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Abstract
The initial testing of the safety of a cellulose–heparinase hollow fiber device was assessed with respect to physical properties and in vitro biocompatibility. The material cleared urea and creatinine without passing albumin, even at high flow rates. The clearance of urea and creatinine by cellulose–heparinase was equal or slightly reduced in comparision to the cellulose device. The cellulose–neparinase device tolerance to now rates was also unchanged. In addition, scanning electron microscopy of the lumen established the uniformity of the material. The analysis of clearance rates and the scanning electron micrographs show there to be no damage to the cellulose membrane after tresyl chloride activation and heparinase immobilization. The investigation of biocompatibility in an in vitro test system with whole human blood indicated that there were no significant changes in the biocompatibility of cellulose with bound heparinase. There was no change in the level of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets over the course of in vitro whole blood perfusion through cellulose or cellulose–heparinase hollow fiber devices. Low levels of plasma hemoglobin and complement activation were observed with cellulose and cellulose–heparinase devices. Thus, the cellulose hollow fibers can be functionalized without any changes in in vitro performance.