Life without Estrogen

Abstract
Most biologic arrangements seem so obvious, and so well adapted to their uses, that we tend to forget that things might have been worked out quite differently. Impious as it may be, it is worth thinking about evolutionary alternatives -- if only to deepen appreciation and understanding of the way things are.Take, for example, the arrangements needed to guarantee survival through sexual reproduction. In brief, three types of differentiation have to be achieved.1 Gonadal differentiation is required to generate complementary haploid gametes capable of fertilization. Genital differentiation is required to bring the gametes together and to provide a warm, . . .