Complexes of clays with organic compounds. I. Complex formation between montmorillonite and halloysite and certain organic liquids

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Abstract
Adsorption complexes, formed by montmorillonite and halloysite with a var. of organic liquids, have been prepared and studied. In these complexes the organic molecules enter between the structural sheets of the clay mineral. and arrange themselves in parallel layers in the form of a 2-dimensional liquid and, with certain exceptions, lie as flat as possible. Montmorillonite complexes with 1, 2 and 3 such layers are descr., but halloysite complexes have not been obtained with more than one. The relationship of this type of adsorption phenomena to surface adsorption is briefly discussed. The results obtained with the halloysite complexes provide direct confirmation of Bradley''s suggestion (based on montmorillonite complexes) of CH-O bond formation to the oxygen-ion layer of the clay-mineral surface. Comparative data on CH-0 bond lengths, derived from measurements on the halloysite complexes, are given, which show the effect of increasing electronegativity of the attached atom and increasing multiplicity of the bond in enhancing the electronega- tivity of carbon. These complexes are useful in determining molecular configuration, e.g., results given here support the puckered structure for the cyclohexane ring and the trans structure for the 1:4-dioxane ring.